Angie's LIST Guide to
Termites

In spite of our aversion to these small, wood-munching creatures, termites are really somewhat fascinating. Of the estimated 4,000 species, only about 10 percent of them actually cause serious structural damage to buildings, crops or forests. They live in somewhat decentralized, self-organized systems. They are classified by a caste system with three distinct categories: the reproductive class, workers and soldiers.

At maturity, the primary queen can produce as many as two thousand eggs a day. The soldiers are the primary defensive unit of the society, often sacrificing themselves while defending against natural enemies and predators like ants. The worker caste termites are the ones responsible for most of the damage. Their primary responsibilities are foraging and storing food, as well as brood and nest maintenance. They digest cellulose, a component of wood; they are the termites found in infested wood and lumber.

Termites look similar to ants but they do have some distinct features. Like ants, termites have two sets of wings, but the termite’s wings are all the same size while the ant’s wings differ in size. A termite’s waist is broader, and less segmented than that of an ant. A termite can also be identified by its straight antennae, while ants have curved antennae.

There are warning signs you should look for to keep damage to a minimum. Check outside for swarming, flying insects exiting from underground nests. These could very well be drywood termites. Buckling wood, swollen ceilings and floors are signs of termite damage. Termite damage can often appear as slight water damage. This should also be investigated immediately. A smell that is similar to mold or mildew will also exude from termite-damaged areas.

Inland areas are home to subterranean termites. Mud tunnels, formed by termite feces and mud, are sure signs of these pests. These tunnels can be seen up the sides of the foundation, both on the exterior and in the crawlspace, and sometimes on interior walls.

Swarming, drywood termites are found mainly in coastal areas. Drywood termites live inside their food source and damage may appear as a maze-like tunnel. Cracks in the veneer of furniture may also be an indicator. Old, antique furniture is very susceptible to termite infestation. In all of these situations, it is recommended that you call a professional exterminator to assess the damage, extent of the infestation and possible solutions.